Abstract: Aim: was to compare results of using of direct stenting and coronary artery stenting after pre-dilation (CSaPD) in STEMI patients with occlusive coronary artery thrombosis in terms of frequency of no-reflow syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during in-hospital period. Material and methods: study included 620 patients with acute myocardial infarction with elevation of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and occlusive thrombosis of the infarct-dependent coronary artery, who successfully underwent endovascular revascularization by stenting. The CSaPD group included 297 patients who underwent stenting after a preliminary balloon angioplasty. The direct stenting group consisted of 323 patients who underwent stenting without prior dilation. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of no-reflow syndrome, secondary endpoints were cardiac death, certain stent thrombosis, recurrence of myocardial infarction, as well as the combined MACE point. Patients of both groups were monitored during in-hospital period. Results: there were no significant differences between the groups of CSaPD and direct stenting in main clinical-demographic and clinical-angiographic indicators, with the exception of the average length of hospitalization (11 [8;12] vs 8 [7;9], respectively, p = 0,04). Endpoint analysis revealed differences in the incidence of no-reflow syndrome (34 (11,45%) vs 9 (2,79%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,03), cardiac death (31 (10,44%) vs 7 (2,17%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,04), as well as the combined MACE point (37 (12,46%) vs 8 (2,48%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,02). Conclusion: in STEMI patients with occlusive coronary artery thrombosis, direct stenting of the infarct-dependent artery during the restoration of coronary blood flow to TIMI I after passage of coronary guide-wire, significantly reduces the incidence of no-reflow syndrome (34 (11,45%) vs 9 (2,79%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting, respectively, p = 0,03) and cardiac death (31 (10,44%) vs 7 (2,17%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,04).
Abstract: Aim: was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of delayed endovascular treatment without stent implantation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery. Material and methods: out of 4263 primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed for STEMI for the period from January 2016 to September 2021, retrospective analysis included data of 21 patients with ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery and massive thrombotic load (TTG ? 3). Results: method of delayed endovascular treatment, without stent implantation, in STEMI caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery, allowed to significantly improve parameters of epicardial coronary blood flow according to TIMI and CFTC scales in 71% and 67% of examined patients (p <0,001, p=0,001); increase myocardial perfusion according to MBG in 62% of patients (p=0,001); reduce the severity of thrombotic load according to TTG scale in 71% of the subjects (p=0,001). Conclusion: in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery, the strategy of delayed endovascular treatment with-out stent implantation is safe and effective at the hospital stage.
Abstract: Introduction: percutaneous coronary intervention plays an important role in treatment of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. However, the benefit of performing delayed PCI is controversial (>12h after onset of symptoms typical for STEMI). Aim: was to compare results of PCI and medical therapy (MT) in patients, who had been admitted to the hospital with verified STEMI, diagnosed 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, and to estimate their effect on clinical outcomes. Material and methods: data of 100 patients was analyzed, PCI was performed in 62 patients and 38 patients underwent medical therapy. The task was to compare clinical outcomes, which included mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: all-cause mortality in groups of delayed PCI and MT was 4 (6,45%) and 9 (23,6%) respectively (p <0,05). It was also recorded that minor cases of cardiac death occurred in the group of delayed PCI in comparison with the MT group, 1 (1,6%) and 6 (15,7%) respectively (p <0,05). Conclusion: delayed PCI (12 hours after the onset of the myocardial infarction in STEMI patients) leads to improvement in all-cause mortality and cardiac death rates compared with conservative treatment.
Abstract: Background: prolonged vasospasm of coronary arteries (CA) is quite often cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in young patients. As a rule, it is associated to drug-using, as an example, cocaine that among other things has systemic vasoconstrictive effect. Material and methods: article describes the development of acute large myocardial infarction with ST elevation in a 50-year-old patient with no risk factors for cardiovascular complications (RF CVC), except for obesity 1 grade. Previously, she was observed with mild bronchial asthma and chronic allergic rhinitis, for which she used a nasal spray with xylometazoline at doses many times higher than the therapeutic ones for a long time. These conditions we consider to be a cause of her persistent coronary spasm, which led to acute coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction. Results: coronary angiography revealed multiple subtotal lesions in the basin of left coronary artery (LCA) and acute occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA), which was the source of MI. Patient underwent recanalization of occlusion and balloon angioplasty with partial restoration of blood flow. Intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate led to recovery of arterial lumen in all segment except distal third where stenosis was ment to be atherosclerotic plaque and the the initial trigger of complete RCA obstruction. After stent implantation in the zone of stenosis and several intra-arterial injections of isosorbide dinitrate, RCA lumen was fully restored. During control angiography of left coronary artery basin, spasm was totally treated with full recovery of lumen of all previously defeated arteries. During hospitalization period, pain did not recur; prolongedrelease oral nitrates (isosorbide mononitr 40 mg) were prescribed to prevent vasospasm. However, less than a 1,5 month, acute coronary syndrome recurred: the cause was a pronounced spasm of circumflex artery (Cx), that was treated by intracoronary injection of nitrates. Subsequently, therapy was changed: instead of nitrates, calcium channels blocking agents were recommended (CCB - felodipine 5 mg per day). During 9 months of observation, the pain did not recur. Conclusion: this is the first case report of developed myocardial infarction due to an overdose of xylometazoline, described in the literature. It should be kept in mind, that in case of spastic lesions detected with coronary angiography, especially in young patients without risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, carefully obtaining of anamnesis should be done, and nobody should neglect the intracoronary injection of low doses of nitrates even if blood pressure is low. References 1. Beijk MA, Vlastra WV, Delewi R, van de Hoef TP, Boekholdt SM, Sjauw KD, Piek JJ. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a focus on vasospastic angina. Neth Heart J 2019; 27:237-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-019-1232-7 2. Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:2565-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv351 3. Miyata K, Shimokawa H, Yamawaki T, et al. Endothelial vasodilator function is preserved at the spastic/inflammatory coronary lesions in pigs. Circulation 1999; 100:1432-1437. 4. Hung MJ, Cherng WJ, Cheng CW, Li LF. Comparison of serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with coronary vasospasm without significant fixed coronary artery disease versus patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes with significant fixed coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 1429-1434. 5. Ohyama K, Matsumoto Y, Takanami K, et al. Coronary adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in patients with vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71: 414-425. 6. Satake K, Lee JD, Shimizu H, Ueda T, Nakamura T. Relation between severity of magnesium deficiency and frequency of anginal attacks in men with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 897-902. 7. Yasue H, Touyama M, Shimamoto M, Kato H, Tanaka S. Role of autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal’s variant form of angina. Circulation 1974; 50: 534-539. 8. Miyamoto S, Kawano H, Sakamoto T, et al. Increased plasma levels of thioredoxin in patients with coronary spastic angina. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 6: 75-80. 9. Glueck CJ, Valdes A, Bowe D, Munsif S, Wang P. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase T-786c mutation, a treatable etiology of Prinzmetal’s angina. Transl Res 2013; 162: 64-66. 10. Yoo SY, Kim J, Cheong S, et al. Rho-associated kinase 2 polymorphism in patients with vasospastic angina. Korean Circ J 2012; 42: 406-413. 11. Shimokawa H, Sunamura S, Satoh K. RhoA/Rho-Kinase in the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res 2016; 118: 352-366. 12. Kandabashi T, Shimokawa H, Miyata K, et al. Inhibition of myosin phosphatase by upregulated rho-kinase plays a key role for coronary artery spasm in a porcine model with interleukin-1beta. Circulation 2000; 101: 1319-1323. 13. Daniela L, Katja E. Wartenberg, MD, PhD. Xylometazoline Abuse Induced Ischemic Stroke in a Young Adult. The Neurologist 2011; 17: 41-43.
Abstract: Background: pulmonary hypertension not only aggravates the course of myocardial infarction, but also significantly worsens the prognosis, increasing disability and mortality due to the steadily progressing course. The need to predict the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients with myocardial infarction is not in doubt, since a clear clinical picture manifests itself only in the late stages of the disease, when the effectiveness of the treatment reduces and its cost increases. Aim: was to define most significant factors, influencing the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of myocardial infarction to elaborate a model for predicting this pathological condition. Material and methods: study included 451 men aged 18-60 y.o. with a verified diagnosis of myocardial infarction. All patients underwent a standard diagnostic algorithm, including a comprehensive echocardiographic examination - in first 48 hours and at the end of the third week of the disease. The study group included 84 patients with pulmonary hypertension, which had occurred at the end of the third week of the disease at an initially normal level of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery. Control group consisted of 367 patients with a normal level of mean pulmonary artery pressure in both phases of the study or normalization of this indicator at the end of the subacute period of the disease. Using multivariate analysis of variance from the analytical base, we selected parameters associated with levels of mean pulmonary artery pressure, the proportion of patients with firsttime pulmonary hypertension at the end of the subacute Ml. Then, with step-by-step and binary logistic regressions, most sensitive of them were selected for the prognostic model. Results: study established a number of significant for the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of myocardial infarction clinical and anamnestic (heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, the presence of pulmonary edema and chronic lung diseases), laboratory (concentrations of the sodium, potassium, chloride; glucose, some parameters of lipid concentration in the blood plasma) and instrumental (the value of left atrium, end-diastolic size of the right ventricle, values of indices of end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular volumes, cardiac index, total pulmonary resistance, the presence of regurgitation at the aortic valve) parameters. Final prognostic model included mean pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate and the presence of aortic valve regurgitation of the second degree and higher in first 48 hours of myocardial infarction. Characteristics of the resulting model allow us to recommend it for practical use. Conclusions: using a combination of these predictors, as well as prognostic modeling, makes it possible to distinguish among men under 60 years, a high-risk group for the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of the disease in order to conduct timely additional diagnostic and therapeutic measures. References 1. Galie N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society: Endorsed by: Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(1): 67-119. PMID:26320113. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehv317 2. Haeck ML, Hoogslag GE, Boden H, et al. Prognostic Implications of Elevated Pulmonary Artery Pressure After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2016; 118(3): 326-31. PMID: 27265675. https://doi.orq/10.1016/i.amicard.2016.05.008 3. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-2264. PMID: 30153967. https://doi.org/10.1016/i.iacc.2O18.08.1038 4. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-AviV, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015; 16(3): 233-70. PMID: 25712077. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehici/iev014 5. Erlikh AD. Novel score for mortality risk prediction 6 months after acute coronary syndrome. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(2):3416 [In Russ]. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071 -2020-2-3416 6. Sotnikov AV, Epifanov SYu, Kudinova AN etal. Predictors of recurrent ischemic damages in men under 60 years of age with myocardial infarction. Science of the young (Eruditio Juvenium) 2019; 7(4): 565-574 [In Russ]. http://doi.org/10.23888/HMJ201974565-574 7. Panev Nl, FilimonovSN, Korotenko OYu et al. System for predicting the probability of developing respiratory failure in chronic mechanic bronchitis. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2017;16(3): 52-56 [In Russ]. 8. Bax JJ, Di Carli M, Narula J, Delgado V. Multimodality imaging in ischaemic heart failure. Lancet. 2019;393(10175):1056-1070. PMID: 30860031. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33207-0 9. Sheludko EG, Naumov DE, Prikhodko AG, Kolosov VP. Clinical and functional peculiarities of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and asthma. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology o f Respiration. 2019; (71): 23-30 [In Russ]. http://doi.org/10.12737/article_5c88b5e86b9c18.75963991 10. Chistyakova MV, Govorin AV, Radaeva EV. Opportunities for prediction of pulmonary hypertension development in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(4):70-74 [In Russ]. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-4-70-74 11. Agapitov LI. Diagnostics and treatment of childish pulmonary arterial hypertension. Diagnostics and treatment of childish pulmonary arterial hypertension. Lechaschi Vrach Journal. 2014; 4: 50 [In Russ]. 12. Laletin DA, Bautin AE, Rubinchik VE, Mikhailov AP. Right ventricle contractility during early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Circulation Pathology and Cardiac Surgery. 2014; 18(3): 34-38 [In Russ]. 13. Kirillova W. Early ultrasound detection of venous congestion in pulmonary circulation in patients with chronic heart failure. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2017; 18(3):208-212 [In Russ].
Abstract: Aim: was to optimize treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction without significant stenotic lesions of coronary arteries. Materials and methods: authors present a clinical case of treatment of patient, who was admitted in few hours from onset of myocardial infarction. At first-stage, patient underwent manual vacuum thrombectomy, and it revealed the absence of significant stenotic lesions of coronary arteries. Patient underwent coronary angiography, left ventriculography, optical-coherence tomography of the infarct-dependent artery Results: in this clinical case the cause of myocardial infarction in patient without significant stenotic coronary lesions was the presence of intramural fibrecalcific plaque without signs of instability Conclusions: according to authors, in order to reduce the incidence of re-thrombosis of coronary arteries in patients with myocardial infarction without stenotic lesions of coronary arteries, it is recommended to perform optical-coherence tomography to reveal unstable atherosclerotic plaque; in such cases it may be warranted stenting of coronary artery. References 1. Sidel'nikov A.V., Chernysheva I.E., Koledinskij A.G.. Sravnitel'nyj analiz ehffektivnosti primeneniya tromboliticheskih preparatov: poisk prodolzhaetsya [Comparative analysis of efficacy of thrombolytic therapy: further search]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal intervencionnoj kardioangiologii. 2014, 39:48-56 [In Russ]. 2. Chandrasekaran B., Kurbaan A. S. Myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Journal of Royal Society of Medicine. 2002 Aug; 95(8): 398-400. 3. Reynolds H. R. Myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease. Current Opinion in Cardiology. 2012, 27:655-660. 4. Widimsky P., Stellova B., Groch L. et al. Prevalence of normal coronary angiography in the acute phase of suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Experience from the PRAGUE studies; on behalf of the PRAGUE Study Group Investigators. Can J Cardiol. 2006; 22(13): 1147-1152. 5. Da Costa A., Isaaz K., Faure E. et al. Clinical characteristics, aetiological factors and long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction with an absolutely normal coronary angiogram; a 3-year follow-up study of 91 patients. Eur Heart J. 2001; 22(16): 1459-1465. 6. Jamil G., Jamil M., Abbas A. et al. «Lone aspiration thrombectomy» without stenting in young patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction - Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 3(2):71-78. 7. Escaned J, Echavarrna-Pinto M, Gorgadze T et al. Safety of lone thrombus aspiration without concomitant coronary stenting in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction. EuroIntervention. 2013;8: 1149-1156. 8. Talarico G. P., Burzotta F., Trani C. et al. Thrombus Aspiration without Additional Ballooning or Stenting to Treat Selected Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Invasive Cardiol. 2010; 22(10): 489-492. 9. Berger J.S., Elliott L., Gallup D. et al. Sex differences in mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2009; 302(8): 874-882. 10. Dey S., Flather M.D., Devlin G. et al. Sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart. 2009; 95(1): 20-26. 11. Roger V.L., Go A.S., Lloyd-Jones D.M. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012; 125:e2-e220. 12. Glagov S., Weisenberg E., Zarins C. et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316: 1371-1375. 13. Bentzon J. F., Otsuka F., Virmani R., Falk E. Mechanisms of Plaque Formation and Rupture. Circ Res. 2014; 114: 1852-1866. 14. Shmatkov M.G., Morozova E.V. Opticheskaya kogerentnaya tomografiya: novye vozmozhnosti vnutrisosudistoj vizualizacii (obzor literatury) [Optical cpherence tomography: new possibilities of intravascular imaging (literature review)]. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya, 2013, 7(4): 89-100 [In Russ] . 15. Virmani R., Burke A.P., Farb A., Kolodgie F.D. Pathology of the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47: 13-18. 16. Dhume A.S., Soundararajan K., Hunter W.J. III, Agrawal D.K. Comparison of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and fibrous cap morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17:1-8. 17. Burke A.P, Farb A., Malcom G.T. et al. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1276-1282. 18. Lam M. K., Sen H., Tandjung K. et al. Clinical Outcome of Patients With Implantation of Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in the Right Coronary Ostium: Insights From 2-Year Follow-up of the TWENTE Trial/ Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 2015; 85:524-531.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the potential of nuclear imaging for long-term results assessment in myocardial infarction (MI) surgical treatment. 35 patients were included in the study: the main group (n = 15) of patients underwent bypass surgery in 3-4 weeks after MI, and the control group (n = 20) with conventional conservative MI treatment. Radionuclide angiopulmonography and radionuclide ECG-synchronized ventriculography was performed in all the patients in 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after MI. Scintigraphic markers of post-operative complications were the following: (1) prolongation of minimal pulmonary circulation time 1 month after operation followed by (2) right chamber passage prolongation and (3) ejection fraction decrease. Stability of the mentioned parameters can serve as a predictor of smooth postoperative course. Feebleness of pulmonary circulation occurs earlier that the ejection fraction decrease, so it can be mentioned among the earliest symptoms of heart failure in patients with MI. Reference
1. Гиляревский С.Р., Орлов В.А., ГвинджилияТ.В. Коррекция постинфарктного ремоделирования сердца ингибиторами ангиотензинпревращающего фермента. Кардиология. 1993; 12: 37-47.
2. Mazzotta G., Vecchio С. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors during acute phase ofmyocardial infarction. G. Ital. Cardiol. 1994;24 (1): 59-70.
3. McKay R.G., Pfeffer M.A., Pasternak R.C. et al. Left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation. 1986; 74: 693-702.
4. Claes M.J., Vrints C.J., Bosmans J. et al.Corinary flow reserve during coronary angioplasty in patients with a recent myocardial infarction: relation to stenosis and myocardial viability.J. Am. Coll. Card. 1996; 28: 1712-1719.
5. Gersh B.J., Chesebro J.H., Braunwald E. et al.Coronary artery bypass graft surgery afterthrombolytic therapy in the Thrombolysis inMyocardial Infarction Trial, Phase II (TIMI II).J. Am. Coll. Card. 1995; 25 (2): 395-402.
6. Van`t Hof A.W.J., Liem A., Suryapranata H. etal. Clinical presentation and outcome of patients with early, intermediate and late reperfusion therapy by primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart. J. 1998; 19: 118-123.
7. Goldberg R.J., Gore J.M., Alpert J.S. et al. Cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction: incidence and mortality from a community-wide perspective, 1975 to 1988. N. Engl.J. Med. 1991; 325: 1117-1122.
8. Touboul P., Andre-Fouet X., Leizoroviczt A. et al. Risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart. J. 1997; 18: 99-107.
9. Taylor S.H. Congestive heart failure. Towards a comprehensive treatment. Eur. Heart. J. 1996; 17 (B): 43-56.
10. Матвеева Г.К. Артериальное давление в легочной артерии у больных ИБС, перенесших крупноочаговый и трансмуральный инфаркт миокарда, и его прогностическое значение. Aвтореф. дис. канд. мед. наук. М. 1988; 25. 11. Hakim T.S., Michel R.P. et al. Site of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction studied with arterial and venous occlusion. / Appl. Physiol. 1983; 54 (5): 1298-1302.
Abstract: Immediate and long-term results of pharmacologically "facilitated" percutaneous coronary inter-ventions (PCI) evaluated in 172 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Pharmacological reperfusion tried prior to PCA with thrombolytic therapy (TLT, streptokinase or tenecteplase) in 81% of patients, and combination TLT + glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (abciximab) in 19%. Average symptom onset to reperfusion time was 197±103 min. Immediately after PCI 88% patients in both groups presented TIMI - 3 flow (р<0.01 to the initial). Repeated PCI during the hospital stay performed in 4 patients (3 in TLT group, 1 in TLT + abciximab group) with recurrent ischemia or subacute vessel occlusion as a cause of intervention. CABG needed in 2 cases. In-hospital survival rate after 'facilitated' PCI was 98,6 - 100%. 6 months clinical follow-up done in 67% of survivors, 16% of them required admission to hospital (recurrent angina due to restenosis), in 9% patients repeated PCI was performed, 6% underwent coronary bypass grafting. All the repeated procedures were success. Overall 6 months mortality was 5%. This prospective study has shown both immediate and long-term safety and efficiency of "facilitated" coronary interventions in patients with myocardial infarction. Reference 1. Lincoff A.M., Topol E.J. Illusion of reperfusion: does anyone achieve optimal reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction? Circulation. 1993; 87: 1792-1805. 2. FibrinolyticTherapy Trialist's (FTT) Collaborative Group. Indication for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1,000 patients. Lancet. 1994; 343: 311-322. 3. Gibbons R.J., Holmes D.R., Reeder G.S. et al. Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. N. Engl.J. Med. 1993; 328: 685-691. 4. Grines C.L., Browne K.F., Marco J. et al. For the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial Infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993; 328: 673-679. 5. Simoons M.L., Serruys P.W., van den Brand M. et al. Early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: limitation of infarct size and improved survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1986; 7: 717-728. 6. The GUSTO IIb Angioplasty Substudy Investigators. A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl.J. Med. 1997; 336: 1621-1628. 7. GUSTO Angiographic Investigators.The comparative effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J.Med. 1993; 329: 1615-1622. 8. Vermeer F., Oude Ophuis A.J.M. et al. Prospective randomised comparison between thrombolysis, rescue PTCA, and primary PTCA in patients with extensive myocardial infarction admitted to a hospital without PTCA facilities: a safety and feasibility study. Heart. 1999; 82: 426-431. 9. CORAMI Study Group. Outcome of attempted rescue coronary angioplasty after failed thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 1994; 74: 172-174. 10. Ellis S.G., Da Silva R.E., Heyndrickx G. et al. Randomized comparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolysis for acute anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1994; 90: 2280-2284. 11. Ross A.M., Lundergan C.F., Rohrbeck S.C. et al. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolysis: technical and clinical outcomes in a large thrombolysis trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1511-1517. 12. Ellis S.G., Da Silva E.R., Spaulding C.M. et al. Review of immediate angioplasty after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: insights from the RESCUE I, RESCUE II, and other contemporary clinical experiences. Am. Heart. J. 2000; 139: 1046-1053. 13. Lefkovits J., Ivanhoe R.J., Califf R.M. et al. Effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade by a chimeric monoclonal antibody (abciximab) on acute and six-month outcomes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial in farction. Am.J. Cardiol. 1996; 77: 1045-1051. 14. Neumann F.J., Blasini R., Schmitt C. et al. Effect of glycoprotein I Ib/II Ia receptor blockade on recovery of coronary flow and left ventricular function after the placement of coronary-artery stents in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998; 98: 2695-2701. 15. Antoniucci D., Santoro G.M., Bolognese L. et al. A clinical trial comparing primary stenting of the infarct-related artery with optimal primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the Florence Randomized Elective Stenting in Acute Coronary Occlusions (FRESCO) trial.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1234-1239. 16. Antoniucci D., Valenti R., Santoro G.M. et al. Primary coronary infarct artery stenting in acute myocardial in farction. Am.J. Cardiol. 1999; 84: 505-510. 17. Pershukov I., Batyraliev T., Niyazova-Karben Z. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Direct Stenting in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 2003; 59: 125-126. 18. Rodriguez A., Bernardi V., Fernandez M. et al. In-hospital and late results of coronary stents versus conventional balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (GRAMI trial). Am.J. Cardiol. 1998; 81:1286-1291. 19. Stone G.W., Brodie B.R., Griffin J.J. et al. Clinical and angiographic follow-up after primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction. Тhe Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) Stent Pilot Trial. Circulation. 1999; 99: 1548-1554. 20. Petronio A.S., Musumeci G., Limbruno U. et al. Abciximab Improves 6-Month Clinical Outcome After Rescue Coronary Angioplasty. Am. Heart.J. 2002; 143 (2): 334-341. 21. Miller J.M., Smalling R., Ohman M. et al. Effectivennes of early coronay angioplasty and abciximab for failed thrombolysis (reteplase or alteplase) during acute myocardial infarction (results from the GUSTO-III Trial). Am.J. Cardiol. 1999; 84: 779-784. 22. Jong P., Lazzam C., Cohen E. et al. Bleeding risks with abciximab post thrombolysis in rescue or urgent angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction [abstract 971]. Circulation. 1999; 100: 188. 23. Sundlof D.W., Rerkpattanapitat P., Wongprapanut N. et al. Incidence of bleeding complications associated with abciximab use in conjunction with thrombolytic therapy in patients requiring percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am.J. Cardiol. 1999; 83: 1569-1571. 24. Neumann F.J., Blasini R., Schmitt С et al. Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade on recovery of coronary flow and left ventricular function after the placement of coronary-artery stents in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998; 98: 2695-2701. 25. Keeley E.C., Boura J.A., Grines C.L. Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials. Lancet. 2006; 367: 579-588. 26. Stone G.W., Gersh B.J. Facilitated angioplasty: paradise lost. Lancet. 2006; 367: 543-546. 27. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ASSENT-4 PCI) investigators. Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acutemyocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomized trial. Lancet. 2006; 367: 569-578. 28. Шпектор А.В., Васильева Е.Ю., Артамонов В.Г. и др. Комбинированная реперфузия у больных острым инфарктом миокарда. Кардиология. 2007; 6: 27-30.
|
authors:
|
Abstract: The article gives account of coronary stenting impact on the dynamics of left ventricle index. The study covered 94 postinfarction patients, including 80 men and 14 women. Among them 52 patients with Q-forming myocardium infarction and 42 with non-Q myocardium infarction were observed. 1 3 patients that suffered Q-forming myocardium infarction didn't show any segment contractility disorders (group 1), while 39 showed contractility disorders (group 2). The analysis revealed that index improvement of the left ventricle is observed in the 1st group in 77% cases after stenting, while the 2nd group shows no improvements. Among the 2nd group of patients the full recovery is observed in 21% cases, the partial recovery - in 46% and 1 3% didn't overcome any dynamics. The EchoCG study performed on 42 patients revealed that 31 men have no segmental activity disorders (group 3) and 1 1 suffered segmental activity disorder (group 4). Stenting procedure improved the myocardium function in the 3rd group in 65% cases. In the long prospect 1 0 patients of the 4th group fully recovered their myocardium function and only 1 man showed no dynamics in contractility improvement. Taking into consideration what has been said one can be sure that EchoCG proves to be an effective method of valuing the left ventricle function improvement before and after coronary stenting. References 1. Бокерия А.А. Современное общество и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. Тезисы докладов V Всероссийского съезда сердечно-сосудистых хирургов. М., 1999; 3-6. 2. Чазов Е.И. Проблемы борьбы с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Кардиология. 1973; 2: 5-10. 3. Белов Ю.В., Вараксин В.А. Современное представление о постинфарктном ремоделировании левого желудочка. Русский медицинский журнал. 2002; 10: 469-471. 4. Самко А.Н. Применение интракоронарных стентов ДЛЯ лечения больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Русский медицинский журнал. 1998; 6(14): 923-927. 5. Мазур Н.А. Эффективные и безопасные методы лечения больных хронической ишемической болезнью сердца. Русский медицинский журнал. 1998; 6(14): 908-913. 6. Петросян Ю.С., Зингерман Л.С. Классификация атеросклеротических изменений коронарных артерпи. Тезисы докл. 1 и 2 Всесоюзных симпозиумов по современным методам селективной ангиографии и их применение в клинике. М., 1973; 16. 7. Петросян Ю.С., Иоселиани Д.Г. О суммарной оценке состояния коронарного русла у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиология. 1976; 12(16): 41-46. 8. Петросян Ю.С., Шахов Б.Е. Коронарное русло у больных с постинфарктной аневризмой левого желудочка сердца. Горький. 1983; 17-20. 9. Bourdillon P.D.V, Broderick T.M., Sawada S.G, Armstrong WE, Ryan., Dillon J.C., Fineberg N.S., and Feigenbaum H.: Regional wall motion index for infarct and noninfarct regions after reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: Comparison with globalwall motion index./. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1989; 2: 398. 10. Фейгенбаум Харви «Эхокардиография». М.: Видар. 1999; 115-119. 11. Otto СМ., Pearlmann A.S. Textbook of clinical echocardiograph.
Abstract: Article presents the results of analysis of risk factors associated with early stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) ir patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study is designed as an observational cohort study prospectively including 140 patients with a PCI treated AMI admitted to our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: with and without type 2 diabetes rnellitus (DM). A number of early stent thrombosis risk factors including a complete or not complete revascularization and myocardial blush grade during PCI, based on the predictive model were analyzed. The results of the study show that DM in patients with AMI who underwent PCI was not associated with a high risk of early stent thrombosis, however, incomplete revascularization was. References 1. Iakovou I., Schmidt T., Bonizzoni E., et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA. 2005; 293: 2126-2130. 2. McFadden E. P., Stabile E., Regar E., et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Lancet. 2004; 364: 1519-21. 3. Virmani R., Guagliumi G., Farb A., et al. Localized hypersensitivity and late coronary thrombosis secondary to a sirolimus-eluting stent: should we be cautious? Circulation. 2004; 109: 701-5. 4. Keith A.A., Philippe Gabriel Steg., Kim A. Eagle, et al. For the GRACE investigators decline in rates of death and heart failure in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2007; 297: 1892-1900. 5. Iakovou I., Schmidt T., Bonizzoni E., Ge L. et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA. 2005; 293(17): 2126-30. 6. Carr M. E. Diabetes mellitus: a hypercoagulable state. J. Diabetes Complications. 2001; 15: 44-54. 7. Georgios Sianos, Marie-AngMe Morel, Arie Pieter Kappetein The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. Eurolnterv. 2005; 1: 219-227. 8. Petrosjan Ju S, Ioseliani D G. O summarnoj ocenke sostojanija koronarnogo rusla u bol'nyh ishemicheskoj bolezn'ju serdca. [Complex estimation of coronary arteries condition in patients with CAD.]. Kardiologija. 1976; 12(16): 41-46 [In Russ]. 9. Svilaas T. Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 557. 10. Mauri L., Hsieh W., Massaro J. M. et al. Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356: 1020-9. 11. Rebrova O. Ju. Statisticheskij analiz medicinskih dannyh. [Statistic analysis of medical data]. Izd. Media Sfera. Moskva. 2003 [In Russ]. 12. Cockcroft D. W., Gault M. H. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976; 16: 31-41. 13. Norhammar A., Malmberg K., et al. Diabetes mellitus: the major risk factor in unstable coronary artery disease even after consideration of the extent of coronary artery disease and benefits of revascularization. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43(4): 585-91. 14. Haim D. Danenberg, Greghana Marincheva, Boris Varshitzki, Hisham Nassar, Chaim Lotan Stent Thrombosis: A Poor Man's Disease? IMAJ. 2009; 11: 529-532. 15. Isaac Moscoso, Lazaro Claudiovino Garcia, Gilvan Oliveira Dourado, et al. Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Immediate Results of Coronary Stent: 16. Aoki J., Lansky A. J., Mehran R. et al. Early stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with drug-eluting and bare metal stents: the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy trial. Circulation. Febr. 10, 2009; 119(5): 687-98. 17. Shaw R. E., Anderson. V., Brindis R.G. Development of a risk adjustment mortality model using the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR) Experience: 1998-2000. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1104-12.
Abstract: We present the clinical case of the effective and safe application of the «Filterwire EZ» embolic protection device (Boston Scientific, USA) for prevention of «no-reflow» phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty in a patient with acute myocardial infarction. During performing of balloon angioplasty of infarct-related segment of the circumflex left coronary artery with the protection of the distal segments of artery by «Filterwire EZ» device the embolic event was observed. After the final stent implantation the thrombus was removed by embolic protection device, size of the thrombus - 3x4 mm. Control coronarography confirmed the TIMI 3 blood flow in the infarct-related coronary artery. Presence of different types of devices for capturing or removing of thrombotic masses in the arsenal of interventional cardiologist can improve the results of primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. References 1. Jerlih A.D., Gracianskij N.A. i uchastniki registra REKORD. Nezavisimyj registr ostryh koronarnyh sindromov REKORD. Harakteristika bol'nyh i lechenie do vypiski iz stacionara. Aterotromboz 2009; 1: 105-119 [In Russ]. 2. Jerlih A.D., Gracianskij N.A. i uchastniki registra REKORD. Lechenie bol'nyh s ostrym koronarnym sindromom s pod#emom ST v stacionarah imejuwih i ne imejuwih vozmozhnosti vypolnenija chreskozhnyh koronarnyh vmeshatel'stv (dannye registra «REKORD»). Aterotromboz. 2009; 1: 120-122 [In Russ]. 3. Jerlih A.D., Gracianskij N.A. ot imeni uchastnikov registra REKORD. Registr ostryh koronarnyh sindromov REKORD. Harakteristika bol'nyh i lechenie do vypiski iz stacionara. Kardiologija. 2009; 7: 4-12 [In Russ]. 4. Anderson J.L., Adams C.D., Antman E.M. et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction — executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007; 50: 652-726. 5. Bhatt D.L., Roe M.T., Peterson E.D. et al. Utilization of early invasive management strategies for high-risk patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative. JAMA. 2004; 292: 2096-104. 6. Birkhead J.S., Walker L., Pearson M. et al., on behalf of the MINAP Steering Group Improving care for patients with acute coronary syndromes: initial results from the National Audit of Myocardial Infarction Project (MINAP). Heart. 2004; 90: 1004-1009. 7. Elbarouni B., Goodman S.G., Yan R.T. et al. on behalf of the Canadian Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE/GRACE2) Investigators. Validation of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE) risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Canada. Am. Heart. J. 2009; 158: 392-399. 8. Hasdai D., Behar S., Wallentin L. et al. A prospective survey of the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. The Euro Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Euro Heart Survey ACS). Eur. Heart. J. 2002; 23: 1190-1201 9. Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STsegment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomized trial. Lancet. 2006; 367: 569-578. 10. Gershlick A.H., Stephens-Lloyd A., Hughes S. et al. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 2758-2768. 11. Kushner F.G., Hand M., Smith S.C. et al. 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 54: 2205-2241. 12. Eeckhout E., Kern M.J. The coronary no-reflow phenomenon: a review of mechanisms and therapies. European. Heart. Journal. 2001; 22: 729-739. 13. Van de WF, Bax J, Betriu A, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation. Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart. J. 2008; 29: 2909-2945. 14. Baim D.S., Braunwald E., Feit F., Knatterud G.L., Passarnani E.R., Robertson T.L., et al. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial phase II: additional information and perspectives. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1990; 15: 1188-1192. 15. Leonardo Galiuto, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Filippo Crea. The no-reflow phenomenon. JACC. 2009; 2(1): 85-86. 16. Rogers W.J., Baim D.S., Gore J.M., Brown B.G., Roberts R., Williams D.O., et al. Comparison of immediate invasive, delayed invasive, and conservative strategies after tissue-type plasminogen activator. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II-A trial. Circulation. 1990; 81: 1457-1476. 17. Hori M., Inoue M., Kitakaze M. et al. Role of adenosine in hyperemic response of coronary blood flow in microembolization. Am. J. Physiol. 1986; 250: 509-518. 18. Tanaka A. No-reflow phenomenon and lesion morphology in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2002; 105: 2148-2152. 19. Henriques J., Zijlstra F., Ottervanger J. et al. Incidence and clinical significance of distal embolization during primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart. J. 2002; 23: 1112-1117. 20. Karila-Cohen D., Czitrom D., Brochet E. et al. Decreased no-reflow in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and pre-infarction angina. Eur. Heart. J.1999; 20: 1724-1730.
Percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarian patients with myocardial infarction (literature review)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25512/DIR.2017.11.3.10
For quoting:
Berezhnoi K.Yu., Vanyukov A.E., Kokov L.S. "Percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarian patients with myocardial infarction (literature review)". Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2017; 11(3); 79-84.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in octogenarian patients. The number of such patients and the number of percutaneous coronary interventions are increasing. Methods: literature report is based on data, searched in PubMed database, Elibrary, electronic catalog of the Russian State Library, published until January 2017. Results: review showed reasons why this group of patients refers to high-risk patients. Also, we analyzed modern approaches to the treatment of such patients, significance of PCI, intraoperative factors affecting the outcome of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. Conclusion: worse results of PCI in elderly patients in comparison with younger group have multifactorial reasons. Different authors point on higher percent of comorbidity, and previous MI, worse cardiac function, higher iatrogenity Based on received data, we showed clinical problems in these patients, the solution of which would improve results of treatment of this group of challenging patients. References 1. Mark Mather, Linda A. Jacobsen, and Kelvin M. Pollard. Aging in the United States. Population Bulletin 70, no. 2 (2015). 2. Predpolozhitel'naja chislennost' naselenija Rossijskoj Federacii do 2030 goda. [Presumptive population of the Russian Federation until 2030]. Statisticheskij bjulleten'. Federal'naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. M., 2016 [In Russ]. 3. Roth, Gregory A. et al. «Demographic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Global Cardiovascular Mortality.» The New England journal of medicine 372.14(2015):1333-1341. PMC. Web. 9 Jan. 2017. 4. Zdravoohranenie v Rossii 2015. [Healthcare in Russia 2015]. Statisticheskij sbornik. Federal'naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. M., 2015 [In Russ]. 5. Bogomolov A.N. Retrospektivnyj analiz rezul'tatov koronarnogo stentirovanija u bol'nyh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta. Dis. kand. med. nauk. [Retrospective analysis of coronary stenting in elderly and very elderly patients. Cand. of Dr. med. sci. diss]. SPb. 2013 [In Russ]. 6. Bauer T., Mollmann H., Weidinger F., Zeymer U., SeabraGomes R., Eberli F., Serruys P, Vahanian A., Silber S., Wijns W., Hochadel M., Nef H.M., Hamm C.W., Marco J., Gitt A.K. Predictors of hospital mortality in the elderly undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes and stable angina. Int J Cardiol. 2011; 151:164-169. 7. Antonsen L., Jensen L.O., Terkelsen C.J., Tilsted H. H., Junker A., Maeng M., Hansen K.N., Lassen J.F., Thuesen L., Thayssen P Outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarians and nonagenarians with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction: from the Western Denmark heart registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 81:912-919. 8. Daniel I. Bromage, Daniel A. Jones, Krishnaraj S. Rathod. Outcome of 1051 Octogenarian Patients With STSegment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Observational Cohort From the London Heart Attack Group. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5:e003027. 9. Caretta G., Passamonti E., Pedroni PN., Fadin B.M., Galeazzi G.L., Pirelli S. Outcomes and predictors of mortality among octogenarians and older with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary angioplasty. Clin Cardiol. 2014; 37:9:523-529. 10. Spoon D.B., Psaltis PJ., Singh M., et al. Trends in cause of death after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2014; 129:1286-1294. 11. Goch A., Misiewicz P, Rysz J., Banach M. The clinical manifestation of myocardial infarction in elderly patients. Clin Cardiol. 2009; 32:E46-E51 12. Dangas G.D., Singh H.S. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarians: navigate with caution. Heart. 2010; 96:813-814. 13. Semitko S.P. Metody rentgenjendovaskuljarnoj hirurgii v lechenii ostrogo infarkta miokarda u bol'nyh starshego
Abstract: We present report of successful full revascularization of heart during additional adjuvant extracorporeal revascularization (EcR) in case of difficult anatomy of anatomically difficult, multivessel lesions of coronary arteries and reduced ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricular (LV).
Abstract: Aim: was to improve results of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction who underwent emergency coronary stenting, by prevention of bleeding complications from puncture place. Materials and methods: we present retrospective analysis of clinical case of interventional treatment of myocardial infarction, with late post-puncture bleeding complication (41 day after PCI). Its consequences caused the thrombosis of the external iliac vein with further pulmonary embolism, and acute reocclusion of previously stented coronary artery Results: developed complications were surgically treated (recurrent coronary stenting, elimination of defect of the femoral artery, implantation of cava filter with its subsequent removal), and thrombolytic therapy Patient was discharged to outpatient care without any indications of cardiopulmonary insufficiency and compensated arterial and venous circulation of operated lower limb. After 11 months, the patient’s condition was without negative dynamics with a satisfactory quality of life. Conclusion: this clinical example demonstrates how difficult is to detect bleeding from a puncture wound. In cases of femoral access, the routine use of vascular closure devices can reduce the risk of bleeding complications. References 1. Rekomendacii po lecheniju ostrogo koronarnogo sindroma bez stojkogo pod#joma segmenta ST Evropejskogo obshhestva kardiologov [European cardiological society recommendation: treatment of acute coronary syndrome without stable ST-segment elevation]. Racional'naja farmakoterapija v kardiologii. 2012; 2: 2-64[In Russ]. 2. Sulimov V.A. Antitromboticheskaja terapija pri chreskozhnyh koronarnyh vmeshatel'stvah [Antithrombotic therapy during percutaneous coronary interventions]. Racional'naja farmakoterapija v kardiologii. 2008; 3: 91-100 [In Russ]. 3. Goloshhapov-Aksjonov R.S., Sitanov A.S. Luchevoj arterial'nyj dostup - prioritetnyj dostup dlja vypolnenii chreskozhnoj koronarnoj angioplasti
Abstract: Purpose. To assess safety and efficiency of simultaneous RCA and major branches of LCA stenting in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Material and methods. Authors analyzed data of 237 patients. Coronary angiography (CAG) revealed triple vessel stenotic and/or occlusive disease. Pre-procedure systemic thrombolysis (streptokinase) used in 54 patients. Endovascular interventions (PTCA and stenting of the infarct related artery) performed in all the cases; in 24 patients, simultaneous complete anatomical coronary revascularization (CACR) attempted. In 30 cases, after PTCA of the infarct related artery (PTCA IRA) patients were transferred to other hospitals for bypass surgery as a second stage. Results. Systemic thrombolysis efficiency was 40 %(22 patients) according to echocardiography and 26% (14 patients) by CAG. TIMI III flow restored in 100%, immediate clinical success rate was 97,5%. There were no procedural complications. Six patients died early after the PTCA for cerebral hemorrhage, acute LV failure, and LV rupture. Absence of myocardial ischemia in CACR subgroup was confirmed clinically and in treadmill test. Patients of PTCA IRA subgroup presented with angina of various functional class. Conclusions. Endovascular interventions are highly efficient as a component of complex IM treatment. Primary CACR is proved to decrease symptoms of myocardial ischemia. References 1. Бокерия Л.А., Гудкова Р.Г. Тенденции развития кардиохирургии в 2007 году. Бюллетень НЦССХим. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2008; 3-4. 2. Бокерия Л.А., Гудкова Р.Г. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия-2007. Болезни и врожденные аномалии системы кровообращения. М.: НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2007; 144. 3. Бокерия Л.А., Гудкова Р.Г. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия-2007. Болезни и врожденные аномалии системы кровообращения. М.: НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2008; 161. 7. 4. Carver A. et al. Longer-term follow-up of patients recruited to the REACT (Rescue Angioplasty Versus Conservative Treatment or Repeat Thrombolysis) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 54:1 18-126. 5. Gershlick A.H. et al. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myo-cardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 2758-2768. 6. Cantor W.J. et al. Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl.J. Med. 2009; 360: 2705-2718. 7. Stone G.W. et al. Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents vs Vascular Brachytherapy for In-Stent Restenosis Within Bare-Metal Stents. The TAXUS V ISR Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: 1253-1263. 8. Holmes J.D.R. et al. Sirolimus-Eluting Stents vs Vascular Brachytherapy for In-Stent Restenosis Within Bare-Metal Stents. The SISR Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: 1264-1273. 9. Serruys P.W. et al. Periprocedural quantitative coronary angiography after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation predicts the restenosis rate at six months. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1999; 34: 1067-1074. 10. Бокерия Л.А., Алекян Б.Г., Коломбо А.,Бузиашвили Ю.И. Интервенционные методы лечения ишемической болезни сердца. М.: НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2002. 11. Serruys P.W. et al. J. Amer. Cardiol. 2002; 39:393-399. 12. Rensing B.J. et al. Eur. Heart. J. 2001; 22:2125-2130. 13. Colombo A. et al. Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in bifurcation Lesions. Six-Month Angiographic Results According to the Implantation Technique. Presented at the American College of Cardiology 52nd Annual Scientific Session. 2003. 14. Wilson W.S., Stone G. W. Amer.J. Cardiol. 1994; 73 (15): 1041-1046. 15. Vаn den Brand M. et al. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 559-564. 16. Lemos P.A. et al. Circulation. 2004; 109: 190-195. 17. Degertekin M. et al. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1610-1613. 18. Sousa J.E. et al. Circulation. 2003; 107; 381-383. 19. Rogers W.J. et al. Comparison of immediate invasive, delayed invasive, and conservative strategies after tissue-type plasminogen activator. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II-A trial. Circulation. 1990; 81: 1457-1476.
Abstract: For long time the only method of postinfarction myocardial «scars» topical diagnostics was ECG. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) is considered to be a highly informative technique for location and quantification of myocardial necrotic areas, but there are few studies comparing the method with conventional ECG. CE-MR/ECG correlation was studied in 59 patients with postinfarction changes. The global concordance between CE-MR and ECG was of 80%. In 5 cases (1 - anterolateral, 2 - inferior and 2 - inferolateral). ECG-pattern was misleading. References 1. Myers G.B. et al. Correlation of electrocardio-graphic and pathologic findings in anteroseptal infarction. Am. Heart. J. 1948; 36:5535-5575. 2. Myers G., Howard A.K., Stofer B.E. Correlation of electrocardiographic and pathologic findings in lateral infarction. Am. Heart. J.1948; 37: 374-417. 3. Myers G., Howard A.K., Stofer B.E. Correlation of electrocardiographic and pathologic findings in posterior infarction. Am. Heart. J.1948; 38: 547-582. 4. Руда М.Я., Зыско А.П.. Инфаркт миокарда. М.: Медицина. 1981. 5. Shalev Y. et al. Does the electrocardiographic pattern of «Anteroseptal» myocardial infarction correlate with the anatomic location of myocardial injury? Am. J. Cardiol .1995; 75: 763-766. 6. Shen W., Tribouilloy C., Lesbre J.P. Relationship between electrocardiographic patterns and angiographic features in isolated left circumflex coronary artery disease. Clin. Cardiol. 1991; 14: 720-724. 7. Gallik D.M. et al. Simultaneous assessment of muocardial perfusion and left ventricular dysfunction during transient coronary occlusion. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995; 25:.1529-1538. 8. Zafrir B. et al. Correlation between ST elevation and Q waves on the predischarge electro cardiogram and the extent and location of MIBI perfusion defects in anterior myocardial infarction. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2004; 9: 101-112. 9. Wu E. et al. Vusualization of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2001; 357: 21--28. 10. Moon J.C. et al. The pathological basis of Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 44: 554-560. 11. Simonetti O.P. et al. An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology. 2001; 218: 215-223. 12. Cerqueira M.D. et al. Standardized myocardi-al segmentation and nomenclature for tomo-graphic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals. Circulation. 2002; 105: 539-542. 13. Kannel W.B., Abbot R.D. Incidence, precursors and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction (Framingham Study). Adv. Car-diol. 1990; 37: 202-214. 14. Sheifer S.E., Manolio T.A., Gersh B.J. Unrecognized myocardial infarction. Ann. Intern. Med. 2001; 135:. 801-811. 15 . Беленков Ю.Н., Терновой С.К. Функциональные методы диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. М.: «ГЭОТАР-МЕДИА». 2007.
Abstract: The article presents a literature review of the use of optical coherence tomography in interventional cardiology. The method of optical coherence tomography is described in details, as well as its comparison with other methods of intravascular imaging. Direct results of the use of optical coherence tomography in clinical practice in the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention have been analyzed. Article describes possibilities of assessment of long-term results after interventional procedures using optical coherence tomography in patients with coronary heart disease. Article notes possibilities of using optical coherence tomography to assess the effectiveness of treatment of patients with atherosclerotic coronary pathology using biodegradable stents. References: 1. Hiram G. Bezerra., Marco A. Costa., Guagliuni G. et al. Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comprehencive Review: Clinical and Research Applications. J.Am.Col. Cardiol. Intv. 2009; 42:1035-1046. 2. Rollings A.M.,Ung-arunyawee R., Chak A., Wong R.C.K., Kobayashi K., SWivak M.V., Izatt J.A. Real time in vivo imaging of human gastrointestinal ultrastructure by use of endoscopic optical coherence tomography with a novel efficient interferometer design. Opr.left. 1999;24(19): 1358-1360. 3. Adam M., Nguyenet F. T., Daniel L. M. et.al. Optical coherence tomography: a review of clinical development from bench to bedside. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2007; 12(5): 1-13. 4. Stephen T. Sum, , Sean P. Madden, Michael J. Hendricks, BS, Steven J. Chartier, and James E. Muller, Near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection of lipid core coronary plaques. [Spektroskopija V Blizhne-Infrakrasnoj Oblasti V Vyjavlenii Nestabil'nyh Ateroskleroticheskih Bljashek V Koronarnyh Arterijah)]. Diagnosticheskaja i intervencionnaja radiologija. 2012; 6(2): 39-51 [In Russ]. 5. Barlis P. A., Gonzalo N., 6. Prati F., Imola F., Mallus M. et al. Safety and feasibility of frequency domain optical coherence tomography to guide decision making in percutaneous coronary intervention. EuroIntervention.2010; 6:575-58.1 7. Serruys P.W., Simon D. I., Costa M. et al. Clinical Research Compendium. A Summary of Cardiovascular Optical Coherence Tomography Literature. 2009; 3: 1-22. 8. Prati F., Regar E., Gary Mintz S. et al. Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. European Heart Journal. 2010; 31: 401-415. 9. Kume T., Akasaka T., Kawamoto Т. е^ al. Measurement of the thickness of the fibrous cap by optical coherence tomography. Am Heart J2006; 152(4):755-4. 10. Prati F., Cera M., Ramazzotti V. et al. Safety and feasibility- of a new non-occlusive technique for facilitated intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquisition in various clinical and anatomical scenarios. Eurointerv. 2007;3:365-370. 11. Gonzalo N., Patrick W., Serruys P.W., Peter Barlis., et al. Multi-modality intra-coronary plaque characterization: A pilot study. International Journal of Cardiology.2008; 138(1):32-9. 12. Gonzalo N., Serruys P. W., Barlis P. et al. Multi-modality intra-coronary plaque characterization: A pilot study. 2008; Optical Coherence Tomography for the Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Vessel Response after Stent Implantation. 2010; 4.3:141-153. 13. Chia S., Raffel O.C., Takano M. et al. Association of statin therapy with reduced coronary plaque rupture: An optical coherence tomography study. Coron Artery Dis. 2008; 19(4):237-42. 14. Barlis P., Serruys P.W., Gonzalo N. et al. Assessment of culprit and remote coronary narrowings using optical coherence tomography with long-term outcomes. Am J Cardiol 2008; 15: 102(4):391-5. 15. Jang I .K., Tearney G.J., MackNeill D. et al. In vivo characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by use of optical coherence tomography. Circulation. 2005; 111(12):1551-1555. 16. MacNeill B., Briain D.,. Bouma B.E. et al.Focal and multifocal plaque macrophage distributions in patients with acute and stable presentations of coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 44:972-9. 17. Takarada S., Imanishi T., Kubo T. et al. Effect of statin therapy on coronary fibrous-cap thickness in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Assessment by optical coherencetomography study. Atherosclerosis. 2009; 202(2):4917. 18. Kubo T., Imanishi T., Takarada S. et al. Assessment of culprit lesion morphology in acute myocardial infarction: Ability of optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and coronary angioscopy. J. Am. Coll Cardiol.2001] 50(10):933-9. 19. Larry J., Diaz-Sandov., Diaz-Sandoval. et al. Optical coherence tomography as a tool for percutaneous coronary interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 65(4):492-6. 20. Gutierrez H., Arnold R., Gimeno F. et al. Optical coherence tomography: Initial experience in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2008; 61(9): 976-9. 21. Tanigawa J., Barlis P., Kaplan S. et al. Stent strut apposition in complex lesions Using optical coherence tomography. Am. J. Cardiеl. 2006; 98(1) :97 M. 22. Gonzalo N., Barlis P., Serruys P.W. et al. Incomplete Stent Apposition And Delayed Tissue Coverage Are More Frequent In Drug Eluting Stents Implanted During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention For ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Than In Drug Eluting Stents Implanted For Stable/Unstable Angina. Insights from Optical Coherence Tomography. Cardiovasc Interv. 2009; 2(5): 445-52. 23. Gonzalo N., Serruys P.W. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in secondary revascularisation: stent and graft assessment. Euro.Intervention. 2009; 5: D93-D100. 24. Tanigawa J., Barlis P., Dimopoulos K., Di Mario. Optical coherence tomography to assess malapposition in overlapping drug-eluting stents. EuroInterv. 2008; 3: 580-583. 25. Gonzalo N., Garcia-Garcia H.M., Serruys P.W. et al. Reproducibility of quantitative per strut stent analysis with OCT. EuroIntervention. 2009; 5(2): 224-32. 26. Gonzalo N., Serruys P.W., Okamura T. et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment Of The Acute E?ects Of Stent Implantation On The Vessel Wall. A Systematic Quantitative Approach. E.Heart. 2009; 95(23): 1913-1919. 27. Gonzalo N., Serruys P.W., Okamura T. et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Patterns of Stent Restenosis. Am. Heart J. 2009; 158(2): 284-93. 28. Gonzalo N., Serruys P.W., Okamura T. et al. Relation between plaque type and dissections at the edges after stent implantation: an optical coherence tomography study. Optical Coherence Tomography for the Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Vessel Response after Stent Implantation. 2010; 6.5:249-261. 29. Xie Y., Takano M., Murakami D. et al. Comparison of neointimal coverage by optical coherence tomography of a sirolimus-eluting stent versus a bare-metal stent three months after implantation. Am. J. Cardiol. 2008;102:27-31. 30. Chen B.X., Ma F.Y., Luo W. et al. Neointimal coverage of bare-metal and sirolimus-eluting stents evaluated with optical coherence tomography. Heart. 2008; 94:566-70. 31. Matsumoto D., Neointimal coverage of sirolimus-eluting stents at 6-month follow-up: evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Eur. Heart J. 2007; 28:96 1-7. 32. Yao Z.H., Matsubara T., Inada T, et al. Neointimal coverage of sirolimus-eluting stents 6 months and 12 months after implantation: evaluation by optical coherence tomography. Chin. Med. J. 2008;121:503-7. 33. Takano M., Yamamoto M., Inami S. et al. Long-term follow-up evaluation after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation by optical coherence tomography: douncovered struts persist. J. Am. Cardiol. 2008; 51(9):968-9. 34. Finn A.V., Joner M., Nakazawa G. et al. Pathological correlates of late drug-elutingstent thrombosis: strut coverage as a marker of endothelialization. Circulation. 2007;115(18):2435-41. 35. Stone G., Moses J.W., Ellis S.G. et al. Safety and ef?cacy of sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents. J. Med. 2007; 356(10):998-10. 36. Kubo T., Kitabata H., Kuroi A .et al. Comparison of vascular response after sirolimus eluting stent implantation between patients with unstable and stable angina pectoris. A serial optical coherence tomography study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008;1. 37. Guagliumi G., Sirbi V., Costa M.A. A Long -term Strut Coverage of Paclitaxel eluting Stents Compared with Bare-Metal Stents implanted During Primary PCI in Acute Myocardial infarction A PROSPECTIVE, Randomised, Controled Study Perfomed with OCT. Horizons- OCT. Circulation. 2008;118:231. 38. Barlis P., Regar E., Serruys PW. et al. An Optical Coherence Tomography Study of a Biodegradable versus Durable Polymer-Coated Limus-Eluting Stent: A LEADERS Trial Sub-Study. Eur. Heart J. 2010; 31:165-76. 39. Serruys PW., Ormiston J.A., Onuma Y. et al. Bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting system (ABSORB): 2-year outcomes and results from multiple imaging methods. Lancet. 2009; 373(9667): 897-910.
|
authors:
|
Abstract: Primary angioplasty in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction reduces mortality and reinfarction rate. Immediate restoration of myocardial perfusion has a direct impact on one-year mortality Achieving TIMI 3 flow in epicardial arteries does not mean that the myocardial perfusion has normalized. In addition to that, it is vital to evaluate alternative markers such as rapid resolution of the ST-segment elevation and restoration of optimal distal flow, blush grade 2-3. The intracoronary infusion of adenosine, administered prior to the opening of the artery limiting the size of the infarction and decreases the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon. Direct stent implantation without pre dilation significantly minimizes the incidence of adverse effects. The Amicath catheter (IHT-Cordynamic, Spain) that we use in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction allow us to obtain an effective myocardial reperfusion, in different clinical situations avoiding the displacement of the thrombus, or a distal embolism, and preventing the no-reflow phenomenon. References 1. Stone G.W., Grines C.L., Cox D., et al. A prospective, randomized trial comparing balloon angioplasty with or without abciximab to primary stenting with or without abciximab in acute myocardial infarction: primary endpoint analysis from the CADILLAC trial. Circulation 2000; 102: II-664 (abstract). 2. Stone G.W., Peterson M.A., Lansky A.J., et al.. Impact of normalized myocardial perfusion after successful angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002 Feb. 20;39(4): 591-7. 3. Napodano M., Pasquetto G., Saccа S., et al. Intracoronary thrombectomy improves myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 42: 1395-1402. 4. Svilaas T., Vlaar PJ., Iwan C., et al. Thrombus Aspiration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358:557-567 February 7, 2008 DOI: 10.1056/NEJ Moa 0706416. 5. Mahaffey K.W., Puma J.A., Barbagelata N.A., et al. Adenosine as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: the Acute Myocardial Infarction STudy of ADenosine (AMISTAD) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1999 Nov 15; 34(6): 1711-20. 6. Marzilli M., Orsini E., Maraccini P., Testa R. Beneficial effects of intracoronary adenosine as an adjunct to primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000; 101: 2154-59. 7. Loubeyre C., Morice M., Lefe'vre T., et al. A Randomized Comparison of Direct Stenting With Conventional Stent Implantation in Selected Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC. 2002:39(1): 15-21. 8. Gibson C.M., Maehara A., Lansky AJ., et al. Rationale and design of the INFUSE-AMI study: A 2Ч2 factorial, randomized, multicenter, single-blind evaluation of intracoronary abciximab infusion and aspiration thrombectomy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am. Heart. J. 2011 Mar; 161 (3): 478-486.e 7. doi: 10.1016/j. ahj. 2010.10.006. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
Abstract: Ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction (post-MI VSD) is one of the most rare and lethal complication. We present a case report of patient with recurrent VSD, 7 months after coronary artery bypass graft with cardiosurgical correction of post-MI VSD. Due to the high risk of re-operation, it was decided to perform endovascular closure of VSD. Despite acceptable stability test, after delivery system disconnection - migration of occluder to left ventricular occurred. All efforts to retrieve device were not successful, due to strong fixation of the device in anterior leaflet chordal tendons of mitral valve (MV). The presence of 12 mm occluder didn't influence on existed MV insufficiency, so the decision to leave this device in place and to implant the bigger one to VSD was made. 14 mm occluder was successfully implanted, with immediate reduction of left-right shunt and normalization of pulmonary artery pressure. Follow-up period is 3 years - patient doesn't have any complaints. Ejection fraction 55%, mitral insufficiency 30% by volume, device is fully endothelialyzed. Endovascular VSD occlusion can be effectively used in case of post-surgery re-occurence. In cases of migration of endovascular devices, thorough functional analysis should be performed for choosing the best strategy of further actions. In this clinical case the decision to leave the device in LV didn't cause any negative outcomes for the patient. References 1. Koh A.S., Loh YJ., Lim YP., Le Tan J. Ventricular septal rupture following acute myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol. 2011;66(2):225-30. 2. Crenshaw B.S., Granger C.B., Birnbaum Y et al. Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction (GUSTO-I (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Trial Investigators). Circulation. 2000;101:27-32. 3. Serpytis P, Karvelyte N., Serpytis R. et al. Postinfarction ventricular septal defect: risk factors and early outcomes. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2015;56(1):66-71. 4. Arnaoutakis G.J., Zhao Y, George T.J. et al. Surgical repair of ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction: outcomes from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012; 94:436-443. 5. Assenza G.E., McElhinney D.B., Valente A.M. et al. Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:59-67. 6. Calvert PA., Cockburn J., Wynne D. et al. Percutaneous closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defect: in-hospital outcomes and long-term follow-up of UK experience. Circulation. 2014;129:2395-402. 7. Deja M.A., Szostek J., Widenka K. et al. Post infarction ventricular septal defect - can we do better? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;18:194-201. 8. Takahashi H., Arif R., Almashhoor A., et al. Longterm results after surgical treatment of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(4):720-724. 9. Holzer R., Balzer D., Lock Qi-Ling Cao K., Hijazi Z.M. Device closure of muscular ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1257-1263.
